Skip to content

Recent Articles

3
May

Giving Vectors Phase

1. Adding Phase

Let us dive quickly in and explore a basic idea: ascribing a “phase” to vector fields. Instead of writing a vector a simply 4 real components, we will allow the vector to take on an additional property which we call it’s phase:

(1.1)

The real-valued set B acts just like a normal vector, whereas the phase element is a scalar function. While we have added a new degree of freedom for vectors, it is important to note that we have NOT added another dimension to the space. This new degree of freedom will require us to adjust some definitions from differential geometry. For example, to ensure that distances are phase free (real valued), we will require the metric is a Hermitian matrix. The added degree of freedom also requires us to add an additional set of “coordinate changes” and expand on the affine connection to handle possible phase changes while a vector moves through a space.

(1.2)

(1.3)

(1.4)

Which, if we expand, gives:

(1.5)

(1.6)

And hence:

(1.7)

© 2012, Jason Allen Blood. All rights reserved.

18
Feb

Radial Complex Space

This is just the beginnings of a notion, taken from my small amount of work extending a vector field to a complex valued-vector field. What if, instead of writing complex numbers in the form x + iy, we write them in a radial form:

Here x would have the same meaning as the original x, but \theta would be the dimensional “phase”. Since we are mostly interested in vectors, we could extend vectors to these new complex entities. Let’s look at some formula related to coordinate changes:

We can also look at some properties of the inner product:

We can guarantee this value is real (so as to maintain measurable lengths) by assuming the metric is hermitian. This then yields, after replacement:

where

and

© 2012, Jason Allen Blood. All rights reserved.

27
Jan

The Parton Model

Let me start out by saying the term “parton” has been used before.  I didn’t know this when I first starting using the term, but it was officially a pre-cursor to the quark.  Feynman used parton to describe a model of the inner structure of hadrons.  Here, for our purposes, parton will be in reference to something else entirely.

To begin with, I started taking a look at the Dirac equation to see if there was a way to write it in a form that didn’t require 4×4 matrices.  This was entirely due to my desire to figure out a form of the equation that works in general relativity and my immediate discovery that 4×4 matrices contain far too many degrees of freedom.  It didn’t take long to discover Weyl’s variation of the equation which separates the 4 spinor into two coupled 2-spinors.

The coupling between them is via the particle’s rest mass.  This means also that massless fermions can be described entirely by 2-spinors.  ”Rest Mass” is really just a way of grouping self energy into a single term.  An ideal theory would allow us to predict the rest masses of all the fundamental particles via some more descriptive interaction between the two 2-spinors.  That method though would imply that the break up of the 4-spinor into two fields (though intimately tied) is more than just a mathematical trick, but rather an expression of something far more fundamental.

Normally though when we combine two spinors together we get a vector (combining two fermions gives a boson).  This new combination cannot be via this normal mechanism.  Instead, we will opt to write particle fields as a combination of two 2-spinors.  These 2-spinors we will call “patrons” and we will asset that all fundamental particles are a combinations of two patrons.  Bosons (vectors) are the particles that cause fermions to change state facilitating an interaction, and thus we can easily see that they would be written as a combination of a parton and anti-parton.

We therefor have a new way to refer to particles that is a consistent mathematical structure for both fermions, bosons, and their anti-particles.

Here we have made a visual distinction between the parton on the left verses the parton on the right. This is important as the exchange of left and right do not yield the same particle.

Using this, let’s write out the Dirac equations for partons

These can be combined to recreate the Dirac equation

Spin States

Suppose a parton has a spin-state we define / create.  For our example, let us ascribe partons with a spin called “iso-spin” that is either up or down.

 

© 2012, Jason Allen Blood. All rights reserved.

31
Dec

Intro

There are as many ideas about what God means as there are people.  To me, God is that thing that gives our lives focus and meaning, even if it is something we dream up ourselves.  Many people think having a multitude of talents is a good thing, something they wish they had, but it’s really not.  How can we define ourselves and choose a guiding star when there are a million of them and they all look the same?

Me, I had a star once, but as it turns out everything was aligned against it.  People with nothing at stake will make vacant comments, empty suggestions based on half ideas and truths, but they will never really know.  The road I was on, the one that wound through the dark forest, was just a dead end.  My life, for all that it could have been worth, is essentially over.

Instead, all I can really offer is this, my journal.  I hope that by reading this, you can learn from my errors.  Most are the same things I’ve seen others do, the same stupid mistakes we all make.  To me, in reflection, the most important lesson I wish to teach is only this:  don’t waste it.

All that you have, whatever that might be, be it talent or love or drive, or even little things, NEVER let it go to waste.  Use it, share it, even give it away.  It’s all you can ever do.

© 2011, Jason Allen Blood. All rights reserved.

23
Dec

Extensions of General Relativity to Complex-valued Vectors

What we wish to explore is how the equations of general relativity change if we want to accommodate complex-valued vectors. This is of interest given that the fields of certain bosons are complex-values vectors.

First off, we need to make a semantic distinction between a complex value and and conjugate. This will be done using the “*” in the conjugate indices. We also want to take a hint from quantum mechanics and require that distances, used to make actual measurements in the real world, are real-valued.

Secondly, we must make sure that our choices of vectors continue to transform as such under coordinate changes. For our first exploration, we will use the simplest possible form for a complex-valued vector:

where

B is a regular vector field and theta is a scalar function. As such, we can then write the generic equation for the inner product:

where

This essentially means the metric is a Hermitian matrix. It is also easy to see that no matter the value of the scalar theta, the inner product is not effected.

Using the fact that theta is a scalar, we can construct from theta a vector quantity:

We can choose a generic scalar field q for each vector, leaving the vector A to be common across space-time. Here, we will label the scalar field q as the vector’s “charge” and the vector A as the field vector. Using this, we can construct the more general affine connection for these types of vector:

Here we will can see that the affine connection has two additional elements. The first is a new vector field A, and the second is the coupling scalar q. Pure real vectors have a zero coupling scalar and thus do not feel the effects of the vector A. This is consistent with the original theory of general relativity. We will write the new extended affine connection as:

Omitting some steps, we can use the extended affine connection to derive the extended Ricci tensor:

where

It should also be noted that:

Using these, we can construct a real-valued Langrangian:

This is the identical form introduced by Weyl.

© 2011, Jason Allen Blood. All rights reserved.

2
Nov

Tensors and Spinors

Definition of a Twistor *

* Twistor as defined here is in no way related to the term as defined by Roger Penrose. For the purposes of this article, it means a mathematical object that contains both tensor and spinor elements.

I’ve been thinking lately about a way to combine spinors and tensors.  You see, tensors can be thought of as extensions of vectors.  They are defined, in part, by the manner in which they transform under a coordinate change.  The simplest way to construct a tensor of rank N is to multiply N vectors:

Using the following transformation law:

We can construct the transformation of any generic tensor of rank N:

We have similar equations for spinors, with the added twist that we must accommodate complex conjugates (denoted by a *)

With the relationship between the coordinate transform and the values of S as:

Here the \sigma are the Pauli matrices. We can also write equations for contra-variant spinors.

We have chosen to denote any spinor index by an alphabetic, and any vector index with a greek letter. We will use this convention going forward. It is also important to note that the number of indices between the vector and spinor components does need to match. In the above equations, we have used the Pauli matrices because we have chosen 2-spinors. If we were to use 4-spinors we would have to replace the Pauli matrices with the Dirac matrices.

Using these ideas, we can combine spinors and tensors into a mixed object, which we will call a twistor, and also define it’s transformation under a coordinate change:

This then gives us what we need to create twistor entities. One of the most central are the Pauli matrices listed above. We can in fact use the Pauli matrices (a twistor) to create pure spinors from vectors, and a vector from spinors:

Another important element of this combined theory is to define a covariant derivative for twistors:

Combining some of these, we can see how they are consistant:

As in the tensor case, we must define a “metric” for spinors that allow us to raise and lower indices for spinors. Let us define this metric as follows:

Should also be noted that both \Gamma and W are pseudo-twistors since neither transform in the usual way under a coordinate transform.

As it goes, if we know the elements of S, we can determine the coordinate transforms, but the opposite is not true. The principal of relativity says that our equations must be invariant under coordinate transform. This is accomplished in our original theory by writing them as tensor equations. Since we have extended tensors to include spinor elements (twistors), what would be the new principal of relativity? We can say, thus, that our equations must be invariant under any choices for the values of S. Once we have S, we have the coordinate changes (if any) and thusly will know our equations are also invariant under the original principal of relativity.

Therefor, moving forward, our equations adhere to this new (extended) principal of relativity if they are twistor equations.

Twistors and Curvature

Now that we have the needed definition of a twistor and the extensions of the covariant derivative, we can also define the curvature. Since there is a different affine connection for vectors and spinors, we will also have a different curvature for these two types of twistors.

It is trivial to prove these are all twistors.

As we saw earlier, using the Pauli matrices we could create a connection between the coordinate changes and the spinor coordinate change values of S. This extends in general to allow us to connect the spinor metric, the Pauli matrices, and the metric tensor g:

We can now use the fact that any 2×2 matrix can be written as a linear combination of the Pauli matrices the construct the following:

The hat indicates the base Pauli matrices. It is trivial to show that the gamma values transform as a tensor. This then allows us to compress the relationship between the metric and the generalized Pauli matrices into the following form:

The values of eta are just those of the Minkowski metric. We can then plug this into the zero covariant derivative of the general Pauli matrices and get an equation for the gammas. First, let’s define a simplified interaction term:

Then we can write:

In the absence of any affine connections, this reduces to constant values for the gamma, giving us a Minkowski metric. Note too that the Omega values are zero not only when the W values are zero, but also when they are proportional to an imaginary vector:

This would indicate that the presence of an electromagnetic field does not directly impact either the gamma values for spinors or the metric tensor for vectors. This then shows that the relationship between the gamma values and the metric are not enough alone to fully describe our theory. We still need to define our Lagrangian here in order to get full closure.

© 2011 – 2012, Jason Allen Blood. All rights reserved.

1
Sep

Extending Christoffel Symbols

Einstein was working on a non-symmetric field theory near the end of his life’s work in relativity. It really boiled down to removing certain symmetry assumptions in his field equations, in particular with the Christoffel Symbols \Gamma^{\tau}_{\mu \nu}

The equations:

\Gamma^{\tau}_{\mu \nu} = \Gamma^{\tau}_{\nu \mu}

g_{\mu \nu} = g_{\nu \mu}

Are removed in general to allow for non-symmetric elements. Let us propose the following general adjustment to the Christoffel Symbols:

\Gamma ^{i}_{jk}\rightarrow \Gamma ^{i}_{jk} - ie\delta_{j}^{i} A_{k}

Giving us a Reimannian Curvature Tensor as:

R_{ijm}^{k}\rightarrow R_{ijm}^{k} - ie \delta_{i}^{k} F_{mj}

Contracting this we get:

R_{ij}\rightarrow R_{ij} + ie\left ( A_{j,i} - A_{i,j} \right )=R_{ij} - ieF_{ij}

Hence, the electromagnetic anti-symmetric tensor F plays the part of the anti-symmetric part of the total curvature R. R is now a combination of a real symmetric component (gravity), and an imaginary anti-symmetric component (electromagnetism). The total curvature tensor acts as a hermitian operator. Let us G to represent the total curvature so as to keep these known elements clear in our minds:

G_{\mu \nu} = R_{\mu \nu} - ieF_{\mu \nu} = G_{\nu \mu}^{*}

Looking at the typical set of field equations for R and F:

G_{\mu \nu ,\tau } + G_{\nu \tau ,\mu }+G_{\tau \mu ,\nu }=\left (R_{\mu \nu ,\tau } + R_{\nu \tau ,\mu } + R_{\tau \mu ,\nu }  \right ) + ie\left (F_{\mu \nu ,\tau } + F_{\nu \tau ,\mu } + F_{\tau \mu ,\nu }  \right ) = 0

© 2011, Jason Allen Blood. All rights reserved.

1
Sep

Changeling

She said this wasn’t easy for her
Deciding to walk away wasn’t easy to her
And she said, she felt the world was just something that she observed
That she was inadequate
That her place hadn’t been earned
She said, she wasn’t happy with how her life had turned
Feeling the real her was something she had to learn
I said, this isn’t easy but I support unnerved
Believing that in time she’d wake up and return
But hope would fade as those few days had turned to weeks
And those weeks created something of which I couldn’t speak
Except to say it spoke as if I wasn’t me
As if we now hadn’t been together since we were teens
As if these nine years were from a convincing dream
And the woman I thought I loved never loved me, I can’t conceive
This had to be a thing
Sort of like a changeling
It acted and spoke the part
But her essence it couldn’t sing

It’s quite amusing how being apart can yield
Levels of clarity on confusion once thought surreal
And what amazement to come to find you can heal
That one’s future isn’t ill-fated but slated for high appeal
Well solace gives opportunity to reveal
And time sheds perspective on why one feels
To see success even in division’s the test
Well every day we had wasn’t anything short of blessed
So changeling, change brings
More than deranged things
Strange things
I’ve near persevered in an upswing
So cling to new hope
More than a good show
So do sing, do glow
And to this new you
Let us remove ado
Let us now greet renewed and just start from a different view
I’ll introduce myself
Now you introduce yourself
We’ll smile and live in health as two friends who have never dwelt

Don’t wanna be over you
But you are not you
You are not you

© 2011, Jason Allen Blood. All rights reserved.

18
Aug

Fantasy Demon 2011

Ok… Well I haven’t had any time yet to work on this, and with the recent debate as to whether or not there would even BE a 2011-2012 season, I got myself sidetracked.

Here is what I’m planning on doing in the coming weeks:

First, I need to move my server operations to something more stable, hosted using PHP and mySQL.  Right now the services supporting the app are all in .NET running against SQL Server which is far too expensive.

Second, with far more development experience under my belt on the iOS platform, I want to bring a native iPad application to the table.  In particular, the application needs better support for draft guides and drafting your team.  Last year it was super helpful to have a ranked list and just remove players as they came off the board.  I always knew then who was the best based on rank and possible combination of position (best available RB, for example).

I want to integrate the player images into their profile.  This will be especially true on the large screen of the iPad.

I want to integrate more sources of fantasy news ala-Pulse style interface.  It’s a great general news app, and that was easily the most used feature throughout the year.

I want to start integrating social elements into the application.  This extends the Start This Guy concept to add user profiles (linked via Facebook, no registration please) and to hookup with other players, post on your walls, etc.  A general forum would be useful as well…

© 2011, Jason Allen Blood. All rights reserved.

18
Aug

iMallRat

Hello,

Here is a status update on the project:

First, we have a domain and WordPress site established at http://www.imallrat.com. I will be posting there periodically as the application gets developed.

Secondly, we are in process of surveying many people in our “target audience” to get a good feel for features and level of importance.  My sister is helping with that effort and I will post our results once we have them.

Third, screen layout and design is underway.  I have put feelers out to hire a graphics person for visual design and have many promising leads.

The mallrat application is coming soon folks.  I’m excited and I know you are too…

© 2011, Jason Allen Blood. All rights reserved.